Option+D.2+Antacid

D.2.1 State and explain how excess acidity in the stomach can be reduced by the use of different bases.
 * D.2 Antacids (1h)**

> ** be able to write balanced equations for neutralization reactions and know that antacids are often combined with ** **alginates (which produce a neutralizing layer preventing acid in the stomach from rising into the esophagus and causing heart burn. ** >
 * **Examples should include aluminium and magnesium compounds and sodium hydrogencarbonate. Students should **

Digestion - the stomach holds between 2 and 4 liters of food, it's wall are lined with a layer of cells which secret mucus, protease and HCl combined together, they are called the gastric juices. A problem can arise if the stomach lining is damaged or when too much acid is produced, which can eat away at the mucus lining. = __Treatment of Indigestions__. = 
 * Indigestion is discomfort caused by excess acid, and may result from overeating, alcohol, smoking, anxiety or some people from eating certain types of food.
 * Antacids are the treatment of indigestion, it is essentially simple bases, such as metal oxides, hydroxides, or hydrogen carbonates, they work by neutralizing the acid and it often combine with alginates ( which produce a neutralizing layer preventing acid in the stomach rising into the esophagus and causing heartburn), preventing inflammation, relieving pain and discomfort, and when it neutral can prevent acid from attacking the damaged stomach lining and so allow ulcer to heal.
 *  Examples: Al(OH) 3, NaHCO 3, CaCO 3, and milk magnesia, which is mixture of MgO and Mg(OH) 2
 *  NaHCO 3 +HCl ---> NaCl +CO 2 +H 2 O
 *  Mgo+HCl > MgCl 2 +H 2 O
 *  Al(OH) 3 +3HCl ---> AlCl 3 +3H 2 O



= __Side effects__ = Magnesium compounds can cause diarrhea, aluminum compounds can cause constipation, aluminum compound can interfere with absorption of phosphate from the diet causing possible bone damage if taken in high does over long period. Sodium hydrogen carbonates may cause bloating and belching.

